Unit 1 This is me（核心语法：现在完成时）

基本结构：have/has + 动词过去分词（肯定 / 否定 / 疑问句式）肯定：I have finished my homework.否定：She hasn't told me the news yet.疑问：Have you ever visited Beijing?
核心用法表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果（常与 already, yet, just, ever, never 连用）表示从过去开始持续至今的状态（常与 for + 时间段、since + 时间点连用）强调经历（如：I have been to Shanghai twice.）
关键标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, for, since, so far, up to now, recently, lately
易混点区分：现在完成时 vs 一般过去时现在完成时：强调与现在的联系，不与具体过去时间连用一般过去时：强调过去某时的动作，可与 yesterday, last week 等连用

Unit 2 Getting along（核心语法：现在完成时 + for/since 用法进阶）

for 与 since 的用法for + 时间段：表示动作持续的时长（e.g., for three years, for a long time）since + 时间点 / 从句：表示动作开始的时间（e.g., since 2020, since he came here）
延续性动词与短暂性动词转换（现在完成时中必须掌握）短暂性动词 → 延续性动词：buy → haveborrow → keepdie → be deadleave → be awayjoin → be in/be a member of
经典句型How long have you...?（询问持续时间）I have had this bike for five years.（不可说 I have bought this bike for five years.）

动词不定式 to do 作宾语常见接 to do 的动词：want, decide, hope, try, learn, plan, expect, wish, agree, refuse 等例句：She decided to study abroad. / I hope to visit the museum.
动名词 - ing 作宾语常见接 - ing 的动词：enjoy, finish, practice, mind, suggest, keep, avoid, miss, consider 等例句：He enjoys playing basketball. / They finished doing their homework.
双宾语动词的用法差异既可接 to do 也可接 - ing，但意义不同的动词：remember to do（记得去做，未做）vs remember doing（记得做过，已做）forget to do（忘记去做，未做）vs forget doing（忘记做过，已做）stop to do（停下来去做另一件事）vs stop doing（停止正在做的事）try to do（努力去做）vs try doing（尝试做）

基本结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + to do（不定式作宾补，补充说明宾语动作）
分类动词与结构
动词类型代表动词结构例句使令类ask, tell, order, wantask sb. to do sth.The teacher asked us to be quiet.允许类allow, permitallow sb. to do sth.My parents allow me to watch TV on weekends.帮助类helphelp sb. (to) do sth.She helped me (to) carry the box.使役类let, makelet/make sb. do sth.The boss made workers work long hours.
关键语法点使役动词 let/make 后接不定式作宾补时省略 to，但被动语态中 to 需还原（e.g., Workers were made to work long hours.）help 后接不定式时，to 可加可不加，两种形式都正确

三种表达方式to do（最常用）：I went to the library to borrow books.in order to do（强调目的，可置于句首）：In order to catch the bus, I got up early.so as to do（口语化，不可置于句首）：He studies hard so as to get good grades.
否定形式to not do / in order not to do / so as not to do例句：She locked the door so as not to be disturbed.
辅助语法点情态动词 must/have to/should 的区别（表义务、责任或建议）祈使句（肯定 / 否定）：Be quiet! Don't run in the hallway.一般现在时的被动语态：Rules are made to keep us safe.

基本结构：was/were + 动词现在分词（-ing 形式）第一 / 三人称单数：was + doing（e.g., He was reading.）其他人称 / 复数：were + doing（e.g., They were playing football.）
核心用法表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作（常与 at 8 o'clock yesterday, when 从句连用）表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作（常与 those days, all morning 等连用）与一般过去时连用：描述 “一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生”（when/while 引导）
when 与 while 的用法差异when：可接短暂性动词或延续性动词，主句用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时e.g., I was watching TV when the phone rang.while：接延续性动词，主从句均可使用过去进行时（表示两个动作同时进行）e.g., While my mother was cooking, I was doing my homework.
现在分词变化规则一般情况：直接加 - ing（go → going）不发音 e 结尾：去 e 加 - ing（write → writing）重读闭音节：双写尾字母加 - ing（stop → stopping, run → running）

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